Sunday, October 29, 2017

real analysis - Sequence such that limlimitsntoinftyfracx21+x22+...+x2nn=0



Let (xn)n1 be a sequence of real numbers such that lim. Prove that \lim\limits_{n\to \infty} \frac{x_1+x_2+...+x_n}{n}=0.
I used the definition of the limit to conclude that \exists N\in \mathbb{N} such that |\frac{x_1^2+x_2^2+...+x_n^2}{n}|<\frac{1}{n^2}, \forall n\ge N. Hence, we get that |x_1^2+x_2^2+...+x_n^2|<\frac{1}{n}.
Now here comes the part where I am not really sure. I think that this implies that \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}x_n^2=0, and as a result x_n\to 0,which solves the problem because if we use the Stolz-Cesaro lemma we get that \lim\limits_{n\to \infty} \frac{x_1+x_2+...+x_n}{n}=\lim\limits_{n\to \infty} x_n=0.


Answer



\lim_{n\to \infty} \frac{x_1^2+x_2^2+...+x_n^2}{n}=0
does not imply that |\frac{x_1^2+x_2^2+...+x_n^2}{n}|<\frac{1}{n^2} for sufficiently large n. Also \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}x_n^2=0 would be true only if all x_n are zero, so that approach cannot work, unfortunately.




But the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality gives
\left |\sum_{k=1}^n 1\cdot x_k \right| \le \sqrt n \cdot \sqrt{\sum_{k=1}^n x_k^2}
and therefore
\left |\frac 1n \sum_{k=1}^n x_k \right| \le \sqrt{\frac 1n \sum_{k=1}^n x_k^2}



This is also a special case of the Generalized mean inequality:

\sqrt[p]{\frac 1n \sum_{k=1}^n x_k^p} \le \sqrt[q]{\frac 1n \sum_{k=1}^n x_k^q}
for non-negative real numbers x_1, \ldots, x_n and 0 < p < q.


No comments:

Post a Comment

analysis - Injection, making bijection

I have injection f \colon A \rightarrow B and I want to get bijection. Can I just resting codomain to f(A)? I know that every function i...