I was trying to generalize a solution to a problem (if P∈Z[x],n∈Z, then P(P(P(n)))≠n unless P(n)=n), and I found a sufficient condition to replace Z with a domain R: u and 1−u are never simultaneously units. Equivalently, u(1−u) is never a unit in R for u∈R. Unfortunately, the only examples I can find of rings with this property are the integers and the Gaussian integers.
Are there other rings with this property, or perhaps a more general condition that implies this property? What if we restrict ourselves to rings of integers of number fields?
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