Friday, October 20, 2017

Finding the Modular Multiplicative Inverse of a large number



I am practicing some modular arithmetic and I am trying to find the multiplicative inverse of a large number.
Here is the problem:




345^-1 mod 76408



I'm not sure how to go about solving this problem. I set it up the following way:



x = 345^-1 mod 76408



345x = 1 mod 76408



76408 = 345 * 221 + 163




345 = 163 * 2 + 19



163 = 19 * 8 + 11



19 = 11 * 1 + 8



11 = 8 * 1 + 3



8 = 3 * 2 + 2




3 = 2 * 1 + 1



2 = 1 * 2



I watched a video where i would then use the extended euclidean algorithm, but I'm unsure as to how to do it.



Any help/advice to solve this would be appreciated! Thanks.


Answer



Here is a way of writing things: $q_i$ and $r_i$ are the quotient and the remainder of the $i$-th division, $u_i$ and $v_i$ are Bézout's coefficients of $r_i$ relative to $76408$ and $345$ respectively.




The recurrence relations are $$u_{i+1}=u_{i-1}-q_iu_i, \quad v_{i+1}=v_{i-1}-q_iv_i.$$



$$ \begin{array}[t]{r@{\qquad}r@{\qquad}r@{\qquad}r}
r_i & u_i & v_i & q_i\\
\hline
76408 & 1 & 0 & \\
345 & 0 & 1 & 221\\
\hline
163 & 1 & -221 & 2\\

19 & -2 & 443 & 8 \\
11 & 17 & -3765 & 1 \\
8 & -19 & 4208 & 1\\
3 & 36 & -7973 & 2\\
2 & -91 & 20154 & 1\\
1 & 127 & -28127 \\
\hline
\end{array}$$



So $\,1=127\cdot 76408-28127\cdot 345$ from which we conclude $$ 345^{-1}\equiv -28127\equiv 48281\mod 76408. $$



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