Thursday, August 18, 2016

sequences and series - Compute $1 cdot frac {1}{2} + 2 cdot frac {1}{4} + 3 cdot frac {1}{8} + cdots + n cdot frac {1}{2^n} + cdots $





I have tried to compute the first few terms to try to find a pattern but I got



$$\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3}{8}+\frac{4}{16}+\frac{5}{32}+\frac{6}{64}$$



but I still don't see any obvious pattern(s). I also tried to look for a pattern in the question, but I cannot see any pattern (possibly because I'm overthinking it?) Please help me with this problem.


Answer




$$I=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{8}+\frac{4}{16}+\frac{5}{32}+\frac{6}{64}+\cdots$$
$$2I=1+1+\frac{3}{4}+\frac{4}{8}+\frac{5}{16}+\frac{6}{32}+\cdots$$
$$2I-I=1+\left(1-\frac 12 \right)+\left(\frac 34 -\frac 24 \right)+\left(\frac 48 -\frac 38 \right)+\left(\frac {5}{16} -\frac {4}{16} \right)+\cdots$$
$$I=1+\frac 12+\frac 14+\frac 18+\cdots=2$$


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