Wednesday, August 24, 2016

complex analysis - How to finish proof of 1over2+sumnk=1cos(kvarphi)=sin(n+1over2varphi)over2sinvarphiover2




I'm trying to prove the identity 12+nk=1cos(kφ)=sin(n+12φ)2sinφ2



What I've done so far:



From geometric series n1k=0q=1qn1q for q=eiφ and taking the real part on both sides I got



n1k=0cos(kφ)=sinφ2cos(nφ)+cos(n1)φ2sinφ2



I checked all my calculations twice and found no mistake. Then I used trigonometric identities to get




12+n1k=1cos(kφ)+cosnφ2=sinφsin(nφ)2sinφ2




How to finish this proof? Is there a way to rewrite



sinφsin(nφ) as



sin(n+12φ)sinφ2cos(nφ)?




Answer



There is a mistake in the real part.



qn1q1=einϕ1eiϕ1=ei(n1/2)ϕeiϕ/2eiϕ/2eiϕ/2=iei(n1/2)ϕ+ieiϕ/22sinϕ/2
the real part is

sin((n1/2)ϕ)+sin(ϕ/2)2sinϕ/2
yielding the right result.






However, there is a simpler solution:
1+2nk=1coskϕ=1+nk=1(eikϕ+eikϕ)=nk=neikϕ
which simplifies to
einϕ1ei(2n+1)ϕ1eiϕ=ei(n+1/2)ϕei(n+1/2)ϕeiϕ/2eiϕ/2=sin((n+1/2)ϕ)sin(ϕ/2)


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