Wednesday, December 14, 2016

real analysis - Finding a differentiable function from (0,1) to (0,1) dominating (point wise) a given continuous function from (0,1) to (0,1)




Suppose we have a continuous function f:(0,1)(0,1). Does there exist a differentiable function ϕ:(0,1)(0,1) such that f(x)ϕ(x)?



There does exist such a differentiable function if the function f has finitely many non-differentiable points. Also this can be done if there exists an ϵ>0, no matter how small, such that the function f is differentiable in (0,ϵ).



Note that the real challenge lies in finding the differentiable function ϕ to be strictly less than one at the same time. This seems very much possible, at least pictorially. Because the graph of the function f lies strictly below the Y=1 line. And hence one can draw a smooth curve between the graph of f and the Y=1 line. But I can not prove it mathematically (rigorously). I need your help. Thanks in advance!


Answer



Pick monotonic sequences an0 and bn1.
Since f is bounded away from 1 on [an,bn], you can readily find smooth (in fact constant) ψn:[an,bn](0,1) that is differentiable and f on this interval.
Now you can recursively glue together ϕn on [an,bn] such that ϕn(x)=ϕn1(x) for x[an2,bn2], ψn(x)ϕn(x)ϕn1(x)[an2,bn2] for x[an1,bn1], ϕn(x)=ψn(x) for x[an1,bn1][an1,bn1].
Finally let ϕ(x)=ϕn+1(x) where n is such that x[an,bn].



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