Thursday, December 15, 2016

calculus - Evaluating intpi/20logleft|sin2xaright| where ain[0,1].





How to evaluate
π/20log|sin2xa|dx
where a[0,1] ?




I think of this problem as a generalization of the following proposition
π/20log(sinx)dx=12πlog2



My try



Put
I(a)=π/20log|sin2xa|dx
From the substitution xπ2x , we get
π/20log|sin2xa|dx=π/20log|cos2xa|dx
Thus
π/20log|sin2xa|dx=π/20log|sin2x(1a)|dx

which means I(a)=I(1a)



On the other hand,
2I(a)=π/20log|(sin2xa)(cos2xa)|dx=π/20log|a2a+sin2xcos2x|dx=π/20log|4(a2a)+sin2(2x)|dxπlog2=12π0log|4(a2a)+sin2x|dxπlog2=π/20log|4(a2a)+sin2x|dxπlog2=π/20log|1+4(a2a)sin2x|dxπlog2=I((2a1)2)πlog2
Thus
2I(a)=I((2a1)2)πlog2



Let a=0 we get the proposition mentioned above π/20log(sinx)dx=12πlog2.




But how to move on ? Can we solve the problem only by (1) and (2)? Or what other properties should we use to evaluate that?



Looking forward to your new solutions as well.



Thank you in advance!



Added:



As pointed out in the comments, it seems like that the integral is identical to πlog2.




From (1) and (2) we can also find many numbers such that I(a)=πlog2.


Answer



Using the symmetries and developing the sin2 term, we can express
\begin{align} I&=\int_0^{\pi/2} \log \left| \sin^2 x - a \right|\,dx\\ &=\frac{1}{4}\int_0^{2\pi} \log \left| \sin^2 x - a \right|\,dx\\ &=\frac{1}{4}\int_0^{2\pi} \log \left| \frac{1-2a}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\cos 2x\right|\,dx %&=-\frac{\pi}{2}\ln 2+\frac{1}{4}\int_0^{2\pi} \log \left| \left( 2a-1 \right)+\cos 2x\right|\,dx \end{align}

By denoting 2a1=cos2α,
I=142π0log|12(cos2α+cos2x)|dx=142π0log|cos(x+α)cos(xα)|dx=142π0log|cos(x+α)|dx+142π0log|cos(xα)|dx
As the functions are periodic, the integration variables can be shifted, thus
I=122π0log|cos(x)|dx

Finally using the symmetries of the integrand,
I=2π/20log|cos(x)|dx=2π/20log|sin(x)|dx=πln2
from the quoted result.


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