The problem is to determine the curve y=y(x) in the plane, the lenght of which is given by the functional:
I(y)=∫x2x1√1+(y′)2dx=∫x2x1F(x,y,y′)dx
which will make the distance between two points of the plane minimum.
In other words, we need to determine the curve for which I(y) is minimum.
Now I just want to ask the following perhaps naive question, but I am not sure about it:
The Euler-Lagrange equation becomes:
ddx(∂F∂(y′))=0
since the functional F(x,y,y′)=√1+(y′)2 actually depends only on (x,y′), which means that ∂F/∂y=0
Also I can see that (if I am right):
∂F∂(y′)=Fy′=y′√1+(y′)2
but the book ends up with the DE: y″ and finally the curve extremizing I(y) is:
\begin{equation} y=\frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1}(x-x_1)+y_1 \end{equation}
I cannot see why y''=0 from Euler Lagrange and how I end up with that solution?
Thank you!
Answer
Well, I solved it. Here it goes:
I do not end up with y''=0 as the author of this example does but the Euler Lagrange will give:
\begin{equation} \frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{\partial{F}}{\partial(y')} \right)=0 \Leftrightarrow \frac{d}{dx}\left( \frac{(y')^2}{1+(y')^2} \right)=0 \Leftrightarrow \frac{(y')^2}{1+(y')^2}=c \\ (y')^2=\frac{c^2}{1-c^2} \end{equation}
for some c \in \mathbb{R} such that $0
\begin{equation} y(x)=\lambda x+\mu \end{equation}
for \lambda=\pm \sqrt{c/(1-c^2)} and \mu \in \mathbb{R}.
Now if we apply the initial conditions as y(x_1)=y_1 and y(x_2)=y_2 we get the final result:
\begin{equation} y(x)= \left( \frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1} \right) (x-x_1)+y_1 \end{equation}
a straight line as promised.
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