Wednesday, December 7, 2016

functional analysis - Minimum curve for the distance between two points at the plane



The problem is to determine the curve y=y(x) in the plane, the lenght of which is given by the functional:




I(y)=x2x11+(y)2dx=x2x1F(x,y,y)dx
which will make the distance between two points of the plane minimum.
In other words, we need to determine the curve for which I(y) is minimum.



Now I just want to ask the following perhaps naive question, but I am not sure about it:



The Euler-Lagrange equation becomes:




ddx(F(y))=0
since the functional F(x,y,y)=1+(y)2 actually depends only on (x,y), which means that F/y=0



Also I can see that (if I am right):
F(y)=Fy=y1+(y)2




but the book ends up with the DE: y and finally the curve extremizing I(y) is:



\begin{equation} y=\frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1}(x-x_1)+y_1 \end{equation}



I cannot see why y''=0 from Euler Lagrange and how I end up with that solution?



Thank you!


Answer




Well, I solved it. Here it goes:



I do not end up with y''=0 as the author of this example does but the Euler Lagrange will give:



\begin{equation} \frac{d}{dx}\left(\frac{\partial{F}}{\partial(y')} \right)=0 \Leftrightarrow \frac{d}{dx}\left( \frac{(y')^2}{1+(y')^2} \right)=0 \Leftrightarrow \frac{(y')^2}{1+(y')^2}=c \\ (y')^2=\frac{c^2}{1-c^2} \end{equation}
for some c \in \mathbb{R} such that $0


\begin{equation} y(x)=\lambda x+\mu \end{equation}
for \lambda=\pm \sqrt{c/(1-c^2)} and \mu \in \mathbb{R}.



Now if we apply the initial conditions as y(x_1)=y_1 and y(x_2)=y_2 we get the final result:



\begin{equation} y(x)= \left( \frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1} \right) (x-x_1)+y_1 \end{equation}

a straight line as promised.


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