I'm having trouble simplifying a Fourier sine expansion for the following function:
f(x)=max on the interval of [0,\pi]. Since we're doing a sine series then a_n = 0 and the function collapses down to f(x) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}b_n\sin(nx), where
b_n = \frac{2}{\pi}\int_{0}^{\pi}f(x)\sin(nx)dx = \frac{2}{\pi}\bigg(\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\frac{\pi}{2}\sin(nx) dx \quad+ \quad\int_{\pi/2}^{\pi}x\sin(nx)dx)\bigg) which I've managed to calculate (hopefully correctly) as:
b_n = \frac{2}{\pi}\bigg(\frac{\pi}{2n} - \frac{\pi}{n}\cdot(-1)^n - \frac{1}{n^2}\sin\big(\frac{n\pi}{2}\big) \bigg)
Now I'm kinda stuck. I mean I could just put this into the final formula but I think there is a way to simplify it, just can't quite find it. The problematic part is obviously \sin\big(\frac{n\pi}{2}\big) since for n = 2k it is equal to zero. But if n is an odd number it's either -1 or 1. I've tried to get rid of the even elements in the sum (I had hoped they would be zero), but:
b_{2n}= \frac{2}{\pi}\bigg(\frac{\pi}{4n} - \frac{\pi}{2n}\cdot(-1)^{2n}-\frac{1}{(2n)^2}\sin\big(n\pi\big)\bigg) = \frac{2}{\pi}\bigg(\frac{\pi}{4n} - \frac{\pi}{2n}\bigg) = \frac{2}{\pi}\cdot\bigg(-\frac{\pi}{4n}\bigg) = -\frac{1}{2n}
Looks pretty neat but still doesn't help me all that much.
Any ideas on how to simplify this?
Thanks.
Answer
So you know that \sin\left(\dfrac{n\pi}{2}\right) is 0 if n is even, and -1 or 1 if n is odd. So why not separate cases even furthur: Ifn=2k+1, k can be even or odd, so you have n=4k+1 or n=4k+3. So do the sum like this:
f(x)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty b_{2n}\sin(2nx)+\sum_{n=1}^\infty b_{4n+1}\sin((4n+1)x)+\sum_{n=1}^\infty b_{4n+3}\sin((4n+3)x).
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