I'm working on an exercise in Janusz's Algebraic Number Fields. (I simplified it.)
Let Φ(x) be the minimal polynomial of the primitive p-th root
of unity. (p is an odd prime.) Let q≠p be a prime and consider
the reduced polynomial ˉΦ(x) modulo q. Show that the
splitting field of ˉΦ(x) over GF(q) is the field GF(qm),
where m is the order of q in the multiplicative group
F×p. Conclude that every prime factor of
ˉΦ(x) over GF(q) has degree m.
I proved that the splitting field is GF(qm) for such m, but I don't know how to conclude the final statement. I expect that ˉΦ(x) splits as a product of linear polynomials over GF(qm) and m linear polynomials make a irreducible factor of ˉΦ(x) over GF(q) in some sense. I also thought that if we can show first that every irreducible factor of ˉΦ(x) over GF(q) has the same degree then it should be m, since the degree of the splitting field over GF(q) is equal to the lcm of all degrees of irreducible factors. But I cannot finish both approaches.
Answer
Note that if you add one single primitive p-th root of unity to any field, you add ALL p-th roots of unity, since you can obtain them just by taking powers of that one single primitive p-th root of unity.
Hence for any irreducible factor f of Φ, the field GF(q)[x]/(f) is a splitting field of Φ, hence equal to GF(qm). Thus degf=m.
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