Thursday, November 7, 2019

calculus - A closed-form expression for the integral inti0nftytextCi3(x),mathrmdx


Is there a closed-form expression for this integral: 0Ci3(x)dx, where Ci(x)=xcoszzdz is the cosine integral?



Ci(x) and Ci2(x) have primitives/antiderivatives that can be expressed in terms of the trigonometric integral functions.


So it's not too difficult to show that 0Ci(x)dx=0 and 0Ci2(x)dx=π2.


But Ci3(x) doesn't appear to have a primitive that can be expressed in terms of known functions.


Answer



The answer is 0Ci3xdx=3πln22. I would like to trade the method of evaluation for convincing story about what made this integral interesting for you. The story should be longer than "a friend of mine told it could be calculated in a closed form".



Update: Not that I was really convinced by the comment below... but for those who would eventually like to figure it out:


  1. Using that Cixdx=xCixsinx, integrate once by parts. This yields two integrals:

    • 0sin2xxCixdx=π2ln2 (computable by Mathematica),

    • 0cosxCi2xdx


  2. Integrating the 2nd expression once again by parts (with u=Ci2x, v=sinx), one again reduces the problem to computing 0sin2xxCixdx.

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