Thursday, February 15, 2018

sequences and series - Find limntoinfty(1frac12+frac13...frac12n)



Find : lim .



My Approach:



Let x_n=(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-...-\frac{1}{2n}) .




I know that \gamma_{n}=\sum_{n=1}^n \frac{1}{n} -\log(n) . And <\gamma_n> converges to Euler's constant i.e. \gamma which lies between 0.3 and 1 .



Using this fact I found ,



x_n=1+\gamma_{2n-1}+\log(2n-1)-\gamma_{2n}-\log(2n)



since \gamma_{2n-1} and \gamma_{2n} are subsequences of convergent sequence <\gamma_n> , so they converges to same limit as n goes to \infty .



Hence , \lim_{n\to \infty} x_n= 1 .




Question:



To check whether I'm wrong or right . Actually I don't have answers , Please help!



EDIT:
(1) My approach is wrong.


Answer



To answer the question of what you did wrong in your approach specifically, it's just that your arithmetic is wrong. You write (essentially) x_n=1+\gamma_{2n-1}+\log(2n-1)-\left(\gamma_{2n}+\log(2n)\right); your idea of writing x_n as a difference of harmonic terms is broadly correct, but let's look at what's going on here. I'll write (using your notation) H_n=\gamma_n+\log(n)=\sum_{i=1}^n\frac1i for the harmonic numbers; then what you've written is 1+H_{2n-1}-H_{2n}. But almost all of the terms cancel out of this sum, because it's not the case that H_{2n-1}=1+\frac13+\frac15+\ldots+\frac1{2n-1} and H_{2n}=\frac12+\frac14+\ldots+\frac1{2n}; instead, H_{2n-1}=1+\frac12+\frac13+\ldots and similarly for H_{2n}, so what you've written is just 1-\frac1{2n}.



Instead, to use the approach you're trying, you need to start with 1+\frac12+\frac13+\ldots+\frac1{2n} and then subtract the even terms twice :once to 'eliminate' them from the harmonic sum, yielding 1+\frac13+\frac15+\ldots, and then a second time to 'add' the negative terms and give the sum 1-\frac12+\frac13-\frac14+\ldots that you want. This means that your sum is \begin{eqnarray} 1+\frac12+\frac13+\ldots+\frac1{2n}-2(\frac12+\frac14+\ldots+\frac1{2n}) \\ =1+\frac12+\ldots+\frac1{2n}-(\frac22+\frac24+\frac26+\ldots+\frac2{2n}) \\ =1+\frac12+\ldots+\frac1{2n}-(1+\frac12+\frac13+\ldots+\frac1n) \\ =H_{2n}-H_n \end{eqnarray}. Can you finish from here?


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