Saturday, February 3, 2018

calculus - Help solving the limit $lim_{nto infty} left(1+frac{1}{n!}right)^{2n}$



$$\lim_{n\to \infty} \left(1+\frac{1}{n!}\right)^{2n} $$



I've tried:

$$\lim_{n\to \infty} \left(1+\frac{1}{n!}\right)^{2n} = \lim_{n\to \infty} e^{\ln{\left(1+\frac{1}{n!}\right)^{2n}}} = \lim_{n\to \infty} e^{2n\ \ln{\left(1+\frac{1}{n!}\right)}}$$
But I don't know how to work with the factorial


Answer



$$\lim_{n\to \infty} \left(1+\frac{1}{n!}\right)^{2n}=\lim_{n\to \infty}\left( \left(1+\frac{1}{n!}\right)^{n!}\right)^{\frac2{(n-1)!}}=e^0=1$$






Alternatively,
Let $$A=\left(1+\frac{1}{n!}\right)^{2n}$$




So, $$\log A=2n\log \left(1+\frac{1}{n!}\right)\text { using }\log(1+x)=x-\frac{x^2}2+\frac{x^3}3-\frac{x^4}4+\cdots$$



which comes from the Taylor series which holds for $|x|<1$ as $n\to\infty, \frac1{n!}\to0\implies |\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac1{n!}|<1 $



$$=2n\left(\frac1{n!}-\frac{\frac1{(n!)^2}}2+\frac{\frac1{(n!)^3}}3+\cdots\right)$$



$$=\frac2{(n-1)!}-\frac1{n!(n-1)!}+\frac{2}{3(n-1)!(n!)^2}+\cdots$$



So, $$\lim_{n\to \infty}\log A=0\implies \lim_{n\to \infty}A=e^0=1 $$


No comments:

Post a Comment

analysis - Injection, making bijection

I have injection $f \colon A \rightarrow B$ and I want to get bijection. Can I just resting codomain to $f(A)$? I know that every function i...