Sunday, June 12, 2016

Proof by induction that the sum of the first 2n odd positive integers is 4n2


Prove by induction, explaining each step carefully, that the sum of the first 2n odd positive integers is equal to 4n2.




Let P(n) be the statement P(n)=2nn=12n1=4n2



The P(1) asserts that (2(1)1)+(2(2)1)=1+3=4, and we see that P(1) is T, so this establishes the basis for induction.




To verify the induction step, we suppose the P(k) is T, where kN. That is, we assume:
2kk=12k1=4k2



(now this is where I am screwing up)



Since we wish to conclude that P(k+1) is T, we add 2k+1 to both sides.



2kk=1(2k1)+(2k+1)=4k2+(2k+1)
2kk=1(2k1)+(2k+1)=4k2+(2k+1)

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