Evaluate the integral ∞∫−∞cos(x)x2+1dx.
Hint: cos(x)=ℜ(exp(ix))
Hi, I am confused that if I need to use the Residue Theorem in order to solve this, and I am not sure where I should start.
Answer
We may also see that I=∫∞−∞cos(x)1+x2dx=2∫∞0cos(x)1+x2dx =∫∞0eix+e−ix1+x2dx=e−12(∫∞0e1+ix+e1−ix1+ixdx+∫∞0e1+ix+e1−ix1−ixdx) =e−12i(∫∞01x(ixe1+ix1+ix+ixe1−ix1−ix)dx+∫∞01x(ixe1−ix1+ix+ixe1+ix1−ix)dx) and now applying the complex version of Frullani's theorem to the functions f(x)=xe1−x1−x,g(x)=xe1−x1+x we get I=e−1ilog(−1)=πe−1.
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