Friday, November 9, 2018

real analysis - How to show that asqrt6+bsqrt3+csqrt2 is irrational where a,b,cinmathbbQ



How can I show that a6+b3+c2 is irrational given that at least one of b,c is nonzero? I've seen the argument when a=b=c=1, but in the general case the algebra is a lot more tedious (I need to avoid division by 0, for example). Here's what I have so far:




Suppose that a6+b3+c2Q. If a=0, then b3+c2Q (note that b3+c20, otherwise b3=c26=2c/b which is a contradiction since 6 is irrational) so that



b3c2=3b2cb3+c2Q



Hence,



(b3+c2)+(b3c2)=2b3Q



which is a contradiction if b0. (Note that if b=0, then by assumption c0 and we can use a similar argument to arrive at a contradiction)



Therefore, assume that a0.
Then, it follows that



r=(a3+c)(2+ba)=(a6+b3+c2)+cbaQ



since the sum of two rationals is rational. Then,



a3+c=r2+ba=r2+ba2ba2ba=r2b2a2(2ba)



and so




a3r22b2a2=rba(2b2a2)cQ



Note that a3r22b2a20, otherwise a6=2r2b2a2Q. On the other hand,



a3+r22b2a2=3a22r2(2b2a2)2a3r22b2a2=3a22r2(2b2a2)2rb2ab2acQ




However, if a3+r22b2a2Q and a3r22b2a2Q, then
(a3+r22b2a2)+(a3r22b2a2)=2a3Q



This is a contradiction, since we assumed a0.



As you see the argument is very tedious (and perhaps there are even holes / mistakes, in which case please let me know). Is there a better (cleaner) way to prove the statement


Answer



Let q=a6+b3+c2 with the premise that a,b,c,qQ ,then if q=0(a6)2=(b3+c2)26a2=3b2+2bc6+2c26Q, a contradiction unless b=0 or c=0 which in turn yields a much simpler case and a contradiction is easily obtained. If q0, then normalize the equation we can assume from now on q=1 and repeat the steps above we have 6 is rational or a=bc. The former can't happen and if the latter does, then we have: 1=bc6+b3+c2(b31)(1c2)=03=1b or 2=1c which are rationals, and we have a contradiction again. Done.



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