Sunday, December 10, 2017

Statements regarding sequences and series



If (an),(bn) are sequences then



1. If lim and \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} b_n = L>0 then \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} a_nb_n = \infty. True




2. If \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} a_n = \infty and \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} b_n = -\infty then \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} (a_n+b_n) = \infty. False since \infty-\infty is undefined.



3. If \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} a_n = \infty and \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} b_n = -\infty then \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} a_nb_n = -\infty. True



4. If neither (a_n), (b_n) converge then (a_nb_n) doesn't converge. False since (\frac{1}{n}) and n doesn't converge individually but when multplied they converge to 1.



5. If (|a_n|) converge then (a_n) converge. False since (|(-1)^n|) converge but ((-1)^n) doesnt converge. However the converse of this statement is true.



6. If a_n=0 for every n then \sum a_n converges. True. Sum converges to 0.




7. If \sum a_n converges then \sum \frac{1}{a_n} diverges to infinity. True



8. If \sum a_n, \sum b_n converges then \sum (a_n + b_n) converges. True



9. If a_n>c>0 for every n then \sum a_n diverges to infinity. True



10. If \sum a_n diverges and (b_n) is bounded then \sum a_nb_n diverges to infinity. True



11. If a_n>0 and \sum a_n converges then \sum (a_n)^2 converges. True.




Are these answers correct?


Answer



Most of your answers look alright. A few remarks:




7. If \sum a_n converges then \sum \frac{1}{a_n} diverges to infinity. True




Do you know anything about the sign of a_n? If not, note that the convergence of \sum a_n implies that a_n \to 0, but not that a_n > 0; i.e. it's possible that a_n <0.




Also note that it doesn't even have to diverge to \pm\infty, for example:
a_n = \frac{(-1)^n}{n} \implies \frac{1}{a_n} = (-1)^nn




10. If \sum a_n diverges and (b_n) is bounded then \sum a_nb_n diverges to infinity. True




If \sum a_n diverges, it doesn't necessarily diverge to infinity (think of 1-1+1-1+1-\ldots for example); now take b_n \equiv 1.



And as pointed out by Akiva Weinberger in the comment, you can even make it converge (e.g. take b_n = \tfrac{1}{n} and keep a_n as above).



No comments:

Post a Comment

analysis - Injection, making bijection

I have injection f \colon A \rightarrow B and I want to get bijection. Can I just resting codomain to f(A)? I know that every function i...