Tuesday, December 12, 2017

calculus - Prove that inti0nftyfracxcos(x)sin(x)xleft(ex1right),dx=fracpi2+argleft(Gamma(i)right)Releft(psi0(i)right)



While I was working on this question, I've found that
I=0xcos(x)sin(x)x(ex1)dx=π2+arg(Γ(i))(ψ0(i)),



where arg is the complex argument, is the real part of a complex number, Γ is the gamma function, ψ0 is the digamma function.





How could we prove this? Are there any more simple closed-form?




A numerical approximation:
I0.3962906410900101751594101405188072631361627457


Answer




0xcosxsinxx(ex1)dx=0(xcosxsinx)exx(1ex)dx=0xcosxsinxxn=1exndx=n=1(0exneixdxtan1(1n))=n=1(1nitan1(1n))=n=1(nn2+1tan1(1n))=n=1(1ntan1(1n)1n(n2+1))=n=1m=1(1)m+1(2m+1)n2m+1n=1in(n+i)=n=1(1)n+1ζ(2n+1)2n+1Hi=n=2(1)nζ(n)nin(Hi1i)=(iγ+ln(i)+log(Γ(i)))Hi1=γ+π2+argΓ(i)(γ+ψ(i))=π2+argΓ(i)ψ(i).



Where I used n=2(1)nζ(n)nxn=γx+logΓ(x+1)



which follows from the logarithm of the Weierstrass-form Gamma function,



and 0sinxxenxdx=tan1(1n) is a standard exercise in differentiation under the integral sign.



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