While I was working on this question, I've found that
I=∫∞0xcos(x)−sin(x)x(ex−1)dx=π2+arg(Γ(i))−ℜ(ψ0(i)),
where arg is the complex argument, ℜ is the real part of a complex number, Γ is the gamma function, ψ0 is the digamma function.
How could we prove this? Are there any more simple closed-form?
A numerical approximation:
I≈−0.3962906410900101751594101405188072631361627457…
Answer
∫∞0xcosx−sinxx(ex−1)dx=∫∞0(xcosx−sinx)e−xx(1−e−x)dx=∫∞0xcosx−sinxx∞∑n=1e−xndx=∞∑n=1(ℜ∫∞0e−xneixdx−tan−1(1n))=∞∑n=1(ℜ1n−i−tan−1(1n))=∞∑n=1(nn2+1−tan−1(1n))=∞∑n=1(1n−tan−1(1n)−1n(n2+1))=∞∑n=1∞∑m=1(−1)m+1(2m+1)n2m+1−ℜ∞∑n=1in(n+i)=∞∑n=1(−1)n+1ζ(2n+1)2n+1−ℜHi=ℑ∞∑n=2(−1)nζ(n)nin−ℜ(Hi−1i)=ℑ(iγ+ln(i)+log(Γ(i)))−ℜHi−1=γ+π2+argΓ(i)−ℜ(γ+ψ(i))=π2+argΓ(i)−ℜψ(i).
Where I used ∞∑n=2(−1)nζ(n)nxn=γx+logΓ(x+1)
which follows from the logarithm of the Weierstrass-form Gamma function,
and ∫∞0sinxxe−nxdx=tan−1(1n) is a standard exercise in differentiation under the integral sign.
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