Friday, December 8, 2017

Roll a die n times (n is a natural number). What is the probability that 1 and 6 are observed at least once?



Note: This is a homework problem so I cannot accept solutions. I would like suggestions as to how to proceed.



I have that each trial of rolling a die is independent. So I can say:



Let P(1) = Rolling a 1 and P(6) = Rolling a 6. We want to find P(16). Since rolling a die and getting an outcome in a trial is independent of other trials: P(16)=P(1)P(6)




It's unclear to me how to find the probability that you roll a 1 if you roll n times. Would it be P(1)=1/6n


Answer



The total number of combinations is 6n.



The number of combinations which include only [2,3,4,5,6] is 5n.



The number of combinations which include only [1,2,3,4,5] is 5n.



The number of combinations which include only [2,3,4,5] is 4n.







So the probability of not observing 1 and 6 is therefore:



5n+5n4n6n



And the probability of observing 1 and 6 at least once is:



15n+5n4n6n


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