Along the way to proving a solution for this stubborn question of mine, I've come upon this expression which I would like to evaluate:
lim
Assuming consistency+correctness of the rest of my work, I would love for it to turn out that the limit is \frac{2}{3}, but to be honest I'm not certain of how to continue. I see no reason for there to be a nice closed form for the sum (and W|A appear to agree).
Answer
For every 1\leqslant\ell\leqslant n-1,
n^2-\ell^2\leqslant\sqrt{(n^2-\ell^2)(n^2-(\ell-1)^2)}\leqslant n^2-(\ell-1)^2,
hence the sums S_n you are interested in are such that R_n\leqslant S_n\leqslant T_n for every n\geqslant1, with
R_n=\frac1{n^3}\sum_{\ell=1}^{n-1}(n^2-\ell^2),\qquad T_n=\frac1{n^3}\sum_{\ell=0}^{n-2}(n^2-\ell^2).
The rest should be easy (and the limit is indeed \frac23).
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