Friday, August 25, 2017

improper integrals - Evaluating intinfty0fracsin(xt)(1cos(at))t2dt

The problem is to evaluate the improper integral:
I=0sin(xt)(1cos(at))t2dt.




This can be written as follows:



I=0dtsin(xt)ta0sin(yt)dy=0dta0sin(xt)sin(yt)tdy



In a previous problem, I determined:



J=0sin(xt)sin(yt)tdt=12log(|xyx+y|)


which converges uniformly with respect to y as long as |x||y|. Hence the order of integration can be interchanged for I to get:




I=a0dy0sin(xt)sin(yt)tdt=a012log(|xyx+y|)dy



This result may not be valid if |a||x| since J becomes unbounded if |x|=|y|. If I integrate J with respect to y from 0 to a, y is going to eventually reach |x| or |x| if |a||x|.



Is it valid to integrate with respect to y over singularities in J provided that a012log(|xyx+y|)dy converges? Or does I actually diverge if |a||x|?






I think the proper way to do this is as follows. Assume a>x>0 to simplify the problem. Then I should integrate as follows:




I=0dtxϵ0sin(xt)sin(yt)tdy+x+ϵxϵsin(xt)sin(yt)tdy+ax+ϵsin(xt)sin(yt)tdy



Then I must show that the middle integral approaches 0 and ϵ0. But the outside integrals diverge.

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