How can I finish off the "only if" direction? I am just unable to prove the only if direction! Using the induction hypothesis and the triangle inequality is confusing me for some reason.
Show that
|z1+z2+⋯+zn|=|z1|+|z2|+⋯+|zn|
if and only if zk/zℓ≥0 for any integers k and ℓ, ℓ≤k,ℓ≤n, for which zℓ≠0.
We show the "if" direction first. Suppose that zk/zℓ≥0. Without loss of generality, suppose that z1 is nonzero. Otherwise, we could reduce to |z2+⋯+zn|=|z2|+⋯+|zn|, where z2,…,zn are all nonzero. Then we have:
|z1+z2+⋯+zn| =|z1||1+z2z1+⋯+znz1|=|z1|(1+z2z1+⋯+znz1) Since ziz1≥0=|z1|(1+|z2z1|+⋯+|znz1|)=|z1|(1+|z2||z1|+⋯+|zn||z1|)=|z1|+|z2|+⋯+|zn|
To show the "only if" direction, we use induction. For n=2, we want to
find a condition for which |z1+z2|=|z1|+|z2|. From the book and class discussions, we see that equality occurs if z1 and z2 are collinear. Provided the valid assumption of z2≠0, we have that a necessary and sufficient condition, for which |z1+z2|=|z1|+|z2|, is z1/z2≥0.
Thanks!
Answer
If zk/zl is not ≥0 for some integers k and l, let k=1 and l=2 without loss of generality. You already know that |z1+z2|<|z1|+|z2|. Then
|z1+z2+⋯+zn|≤|z1+z2|+|z3|+⋯+|zn|<|z1|+|z2|+|z3|+⋯+|zn|,
which means |z1+z2+⋯+zn|=|z1|+|z2|+⋯+|zn| does not hold. Q.E.D.
The triangle inequality, which I used in the first line, can be shown by induction easily.
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