Wednesday, April 20, 2016

calculus - Find a $f$ function such that$f'(x)geq 0$ but not continuous



I just started reading continuity, differentiability etc. So I was thinking of an example of following type:




Let $f: [a,b]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, where $f(x)$ is monotonically increasing continuous function and differentiable on $(a,b)$ or simply $f'(x)\geq 0$ for $x\in (a,b)$.



can we find such function for which $f'(x)$ is not continuous?





I could not find any, whatever function I take $f'(x)$ is becoming continuous. Is there such function even exists!


Answer



For every $x\in (-1,1).$ Define,
$$ f(x) = 100x+ x^2\sin\frac{1}{x} \qquad\text{with $f(0)=0$}$$
which is differentiable and
$$ f'(x) = 100+ 2x\sin\frac{1}{x}-\cos\frac{1}{x} \qquad\text{with $f'(0)=100$}$$
$f'$ is not continuous a $x=0$ and you might choose the interval $[a,b]$ around $x=0$ as it suite to you. Indeed




$$ f'(x)=100+2x\sin\frac{1}{x}-\cos\frac{1}{x} \ge 100+ 2x\sin\frac{1}{x}-1$$



Since $|\sin a| \le |a|$ and $-1\le-\cos a\le 1$ then $|2x\sin\frac{1}{x}|\le 2$ i.e $$2x\sin\frac{1}{x}\ge -2 $$



therefore



$$ f'(x)=100+2x\sin\frac{1}{x}-\cos\frac{1}{x} \ge 100-2-1= 97>0$$ for every $x\in \mathbb R$. so $f $ is increasing and $f'$ is not continuous at $x=0$.


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