Thursday, November 2, 2017

linear algebra - What subspace of 3 x 3 matrices is spanned by the invertible matrices? Rank 1 matrices? [GStrang P181, 3.5.29(a)(b)]


What subspace of 3 by 3 matrices is spanned (take all combinations) by
(a) the invertible matrices?
(b) the rank one matrices?




Answer: (a) The invertible matrices span the space of all 3 by 3 matrices.
(b) The rank one matrices also span the space of all 3 by 3 matrices.



P144: The rank of a matrix is its number of pivots.
P171: A set of vectors spans a space if their linear combinations fill the space.




How'd you divine that these matrices fulfill the questions? The answers don't explain.



For (a), I recalled that invertible matrices have n pivots (1 in each row) and so n linearly-independent columns.




(b) Rank one matrices must've only 1 pivot. Thus, its n1 columns are linearly dependent. Then what?



This question precedes dimensions/theorems of the 4 subspaces, Orthogonality, Determinants, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and linear transformations. Please pretermit them.






Supplementary added on Nov 26



The standard basis for Mn×n is {E(i,j)}1i,jn with 1 in the ith row and jth column and 0 elsewhere. Call this S.





  1. Is the next step rewriting, in terms of S, all (a) the invertible matrices and (b) rank one matrices.


  2. Then, how'd I describe the space of all the invertible matrices (neither a subspace nor a vector space)? Since these two matrices in Deven Ware's last equation have 3 and 2 pivots respectively, they're invertible, but don't span the set of all invertible matrices? (100010001),(100110001)


  3. I know that each of the nn matrices of size n×n in S are rank one, but how'd I describe the set of all rank 1 matrices?



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