Monday, November 27, 2017

real analysis - Proving differentiability implies continuity using sequential definition of derivatives



I have seen many proofs using this approach:



Let us suppose that f is differentiable at x0. Then
limxx0f(x)f(x0)xx0=f(x)



and hence




limxx0f(x)f(x0)=limxx0[f(x)f(x0)xx0]limxx0(xx0)=0



We have therefore shown that, using the definition of continuous, if the function is differentiable at x0, it must also be continuous.



However, I was wondering if you can use this same proof using the sequential definition of differentiability that states:




If f is a function and has derivative f(c) at the point c in the domain of f means that if (an)n=1 is any sequence converging to c such that an cis in the domain of f for all nN, then: [f(xn)f(c)xnc]n=1

converges to f(c)





My attempt using this definition:



(f(xn)f(c)xnc)n=1. Let ϵ>0. Then |f(xn)f(c)xncf(c)|<ϵ <=> |f(an)f(c)|<(ϵ+|f(c)|)|anc|



I thought this could be the start to a proof similar to the one above, but I am stuck after this point. I'm not sure if I have to use the delta-epsilon or sequential definition of continuity to continue with this proof, or if there is another way. Any suggestions would be appreciated.


Answer



I presume xn is the same as an.



If |f(xn)f(c)xncf(c)|<ϵ for all large n,

then the fact that |f(xn)f(c)xnc||f(c)||f(xn)f(c)xncf(c)|
implies
|f(xn)f(c)|(|f(c)|+ϵ)|xnc| for all large n.
Then taking n, we have |xnc|0 so |f(xn)f(c)|0.



If you must use ϵ-δ notation, then note that for sufficiently large n we have |xnc|<ϵ|f(c)|+ϵ so that |f(xn)f(c)|<ϵ.


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