Wednesday, November 29, 2017

calculus - Convergence of the next series



I'm trying to determine the convergence of this series:
n=1(12·34·56·...2n32n2·2n12n)a
I've tried using D'Alambert criteria for solving it.



lim
Which becomes:
\lim_{n->\infty}\left(\frac{2n}{2n+1}\right)^a
But after that, the limit is 1, so its convergence is unknown.
Any idea?


Answer



Let a_n={1\over2}\cdot{3\over4}\cdot{5\over6}\cdot\ \cdots\ \cdot {{2n-3}\over{2n-2}}\cdot{{2n-1}\over{2n}}.



Note that a_{n+1}=a_n\cdot {2n +1\over2(n+1)}.




We will show that for all n:
{1\over\sqrt{ 4n}} \le a_n\le {1\over\sqrt{ 2n+1}}.
Having established this, it will follow by comparison with p-series that
\sum\limits_{n=1}^\infty a_n^a converges if and only if a>2.



We establish the inequalities by induction.



Towards showing that a_n\le {1\over\sqrt{ 2n+1}}, first

note that a_1\le {1\over \sqrt{2\cdot 1+1}}.



Now
suppose a_n \le {1\over\sqrt{ 2n+1}}.
Then a_{n+1}^2\le \biggl[\,{2n +1\over 2(n+1)}\biggr]^2\cdot{1\over 2n+1} ={2n+1\over 4(n+1)^2}={2n+1\over 4n^2+8n+4}\le{2n+1\over 4n^2+8n+1 }={1\over 2n+1}.



So, a_n\le {1\over\sqrt {2n+1}} for all n.



Towards showing that {1\over\sqrt{ 4n}} \le a_n, first

note that a_1\ge {1\over \sqrt{4\cdot 1 }}.



Now
suppose a_n \ge {1\over\sqrt{ 4n}}.
Then a_{n+1}^2\ge \Bigl[\,{2n +1\over 2(n+1)}\,\Bigr]^2\cdot{1\over 4n}.
Now
\biggl[\,{2n +1\over 2(n+1)}\,\biggr]^2\cdot{1\over 4n}-{1\over 4(n+1)} ={1\over 16 n(n+1)^2}>0;
thus

a_{n+1}^2\ge{1\over 4(n+1)}.



So, a_n\ge {1\over\sqrt {4n}} for all n.


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