Sunday, November 26, 2017

n algebraically independent elements in a field of fractions implies n algebraically independent elements in the k-algebra



Let A be a k-alegbra and B be its field of fractions. Suppose {f1g1,...,fngn} is an algebraically independent set in B. Question: Are there n algebraically independent elements in A?



I can show that either fi or gi is algebraically independent for each of the fractions, using facts about field extensions. So suppose each fi is algebraically independent in A. Does this imply that {f1,...,fn} is an algebraically independent set in A? If not, how can I show that there are at least n algebraically independent elements in A? My two ideas are (1) use linear combinations of the fi, and (2) successively choose different fractions in B that guarantee that {f1,...,fn} is algebraically independent. I am not sure how to go about proving that either of these two ways actually works.



I believe some of the comments of the following are relevant:
Extension of residue fields and algebraic independence



Answer



Let T={f1,,fn,g1,,gn}. Replacing A by k[T] and B by k(T), we may assume A is generated by T.



Now let ST be a maximal algebraically independent subset of T. By maximality of S, every element of T is algebraic over k(S), and hence so is every element of B, since B is generated by T as a field extension of k(S). So S is a transcendence basis for B over k. But since {f1g1,...,fngn} is algebraically independent, B has transcendence degree at least n over k. It follows that S has at least n elements.


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