Wednesday, October 12, 2016

real analysis - Series about inserting parentheses


Problem : Suppose that the series ak converges and nj is a strictly increasing sequence of positive integers. Define the sequence bk as follows :


b1=a1+...+an1



b2=an1+1+...+an2


...


bk=ank1+1+...+ank


Prove that bk converges and that ak= bk


My Proof :


Let sm=nmi=1ai mN then by definition, sm=nmi=1ai=mk=1bk


Since nj is strictly increasing sequence of positive integers, lim


Since \lim_{m\to\infty}\ n_m= \infty and \sum_{}^{} a_k converges, \lim_{m\to\infty}\ s_m exists and


\lim_{m\to\infty}\ s_m= \lim_{m\to\infty}\sum_{i=1}^{n_m} a_i= \sum_{}^{} a_k


Since \forall m \in \mathbb{N} s_m=\sum_{k=1}^{m} b_k and \lim_{m\to\infty}\ s_m exists,



\sum_{}^{} b_k converges and \sum_{}^{} a_k=\sum_{}^{} b_k


But, I'm not sure my proof is correct. Please give me feedback on my proof.


Answer



Yes, the idea of your proof is fine. However, your argument in the 2nd and 3rd line is unclear (among other things since n_j is not defined). I suppose, in short your argument is:



Define s_n := \sum_{k = 0}^n a_k and s_m := \sum_{k = 0}^m b_k. Then (s_m)_{m \in \mathbb{N}} is a subsequence of (s_n)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}. Since \sum a_k converges (by definition) (s_n)_{n \in \mathbb{N}} converges, so does (s_m)_{m \in \mathbb{N}} and thus \sum b_k converges. Since limits are unique, they coincide.



Make those two lines precise and you are good to go.


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