Thursday, April 12, 2018

integration - What is this sequence of polynomials?

NovaDenizen says the polynomial sequence i wanted to know about has these two recurrence relations



(1) pn(x+1)=ni=0(x+1)nipi(x)



(2) pn+1(x)=xi=1ipn(i)



==




i was trying to calculate the probability of something and i came upon them. i needed to know what this was equal to:



pn(x)=xkn=kn1....xk3=k2xk2=k1xk1=1k1k2...kn



k(1,2,...,x).



if you make it continuous and over the reals instead of over the natural numbers then its not too hard to see what that equals.



pn(x)xkn=0...xk3=k2xk2=k1k1k2kndk1dk2...dkn=(x)2n2nn!




i computed some of these and got



p1(x)x22,p2(x)x48,p3(x)x648,p4(x)x8384,p5(x)x103840,...


so im assuming that's the formula.



from the summation formula its easy to see that p1(x)=xk=1k=x(x+1)2



i spent some time to compute p2(x)=xk2=k1xk1=1k1k2=x4/8+(5x3)/12+(3x2)/8+x/12=x(3x+1)(x+1)(x+2)/24




these agree with the approximations from integrating, which im guessing gives the first terms of pn(x).



also i think its might be fair to say that (x)2n2nn!<pn(x)<(x+1)2n2nn! if you can use the integral approximation to get lower and upper estimates of pn(x).



but im wondering what this sequence of polynomials is. i think i can just use the first terms of them to calculate the probabilities i wanted to know well enough, but it wouldn't hurt to know if this sequence of polynomials has a name. thanks.

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