Monday, April 23, 2018

field theory - Are logarithms of prime numbers quadratically independent over mathbbQ?



It is well-known that the logarithms of prime numbers are linearly independent over Q. It is also known that
the question whether the logarithms are algebraically independent over Q is an open problem.



What is known about the next to linear by complexity case? Are the logarithms of primes quadratically independent over Q, i.e.
ijNaijlogpilogpj=0,aijQ,aij=aji

?


Answer



It seems highly probable that this is an open question, for the following indirect reason.




For non-negative integers mp,np (p prime), almost all zero, if a=ppmp and b=ppnp, then
log2a=log3bpmplogplog2=pnplogplog3n2(log2)2+(m2n3)log2log3+m3(log3)2p5nplog2logp+p5mplog3logp=0,


and if the logarithms of the primes were known to be quadratically independent over Q, this would imply a=2n, b=3n for some non-negative integer n; but as this would settle the notorious open problem If 2xand 3x are integers, must x be as well?, someone would surely have noticed by now!


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