Wednesday, August 28, 2019

real analysis - Let f(x) be a differentiable function at x=0 & fleft(fracx+ykright)=fracf(x)+f(y)kleft(kinR,kne0,2right). Show following

Let f(x) be a derivable function at x=0 & f(x+yk)=f(x)+f(y)k(kR,k0,2). Show that f(x) is either a zero or odd linear function.



My attempt is as follows:-




Putting x=0,y=0 in the functional equation



f(0)=2f(0)k
f(0)(k2)=0
f(0)=0 as it is given k2 



Replace y=x in the functional equation.



f(0)=f(x)+f(x)k
f(x)+f(x)=0

f(x)=f(x)



Thus f(x) is definitely an odd function.



As f(x) is a derivable function at x=0 then following limit should exist:-



lim
\lim_{h\to 0}\dfrac{f(h)}{h}



Assuming f(x) to be polynomial function.




If f(x) is a linear function, then limit should be non-zero because if its a polynomial of degree greater than 1, then limit would be zero.



Like if f(x)=ax^2+bx+c



Applying L' Hospital rule:-
\lim_{h\to 0}(2ah+b)=0



If f(x) is a constant function other than 0, then f(x)=-f(x) will not hold.




So we just have to prove that \lim_{h\to 0}\dfrac{f(h)}{h} \ne 0



Applying L' Hospital rule as we have
\dfrac{0}{0} form and function is derivable at x=0



\lim_{h\to 0}f'(h)=f'(0)



If we can just prove that f'(0) \ne 0, then we will be done.



I am not getting how to prove this fact.Any hints?

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