Wednesday, August 28, 2019

integration - Solving the integral intpi/20logleft(frac2+sin2x2sin2xright)mathrmdx



I am in the process of proving
I=0arctanxx4+x2+1dx=π28323G+π12log(2+3)
And I have gotten as far as showing that
2I=π243+J
Where

J=0log(x2x+1x2+x+1)dx1+x2
Then we preform x=tanu to see that
J=π/20log(2+sin2x2sin2x)dx
Which I have been stuck on for the past while. I tried defining
k(a)=π/20log(2+sin2ax)dx
Which gives
J=k(1)k(1)
Then differentiating under the integral:
k(a)=2π/20xcos2ax2+sin2axdx
We may integrate by parts with u=x to get a differential equation

ak(a)+k(a)=π2log(2+sinπa)
With initial condition
k(0)=π2log2
And from here I have no idea what to do.



I also tried tangent half angle substitution, but that just gave me the original expression for J.



I'm hoping that there is some really easy method that just never occurred to me... Any tips?



Edit




As was pointed out in the comments, I could consider
P(a)=12π0log(a+sinx)dxP(0)=π2log2
And
Q(a)=12π0log(asinx)dx=12π0log[(a+sinx)]dx=12π0(log(1)+log(a+sinx))dx=iπ2π0dx+12π0log(a+sinx)dx=iπ22+P(a)
Hence
J=P(2)Q(2)=P(2)P(2)iπ22
So now we care about P(a). Differentiating under the integral, we have
P(a)=12π0dxa+sinx
With a healthy dose of Tangent half angle substitution,
P(a)=0dxax2+2x+a
completing the square, we have

P(a)=0dxa(x+1a)2+g
Where g=a1a. With the right trigonometric substitution,
P(a)=1a2+1π/2x1dx
Where x1=arctan1a2+1. Then using
arctan1x=π2arctanx
We have that
P(a)=1a2+1arctana2+1
So we end up with something I don't know how to to deal with (what a surprise)
P(a)=arctana2+1daa2+1
Could you help me out with this last one? Thanks.



Answer



J=π/20ln(2+sin2x2sin2x)dx2x=t=12π0ln(1+12sint112sint)dt=π20ln(1+12sinx112sinx)dx
Now let's consider the following integral:
I(a)=π20ln(1+sinasinx1sinasinx)dxI(a)=2π20sinasinx1sin2asin2xdx
=2sinaπ20sinxcos2x+cot2adx=2sinaarctan(xtana)|10=2asina
I(0)=0J=I(π6)=2π60xsinxdx
=2π60x(ln(tanx2))dx=2xln(tanx2)|π602π60ln(tanx2)dx=
x2=t=π3ln(23)4π120ln(tant)dt=π3ln(23)+83G G is the Catalan's constant and for the last integral see here.







Also note that there's a small mistake. After integrating by parts you should have: 2I=π2430(x21)arctanxx4+x2+1dx=π243120ln(x2x+1x2+x+1)dx1+x2=J


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