Thursday, May 24, 2018

complex analysis - intinfty0fracxfrac141+x3dx=fracpi3sinleft(frac5pi12right)



I want to evaluate following integral
0x141+x3dx=π3sin(5π12)



Simple try on this integral is using branch cut and apply residue theorem.



Usual procedure gives for 0<α<1, with Q(x) deg n and P(x) deg m, for x>0, Q(x)0




0xαP(x)Q(x)dx=2πi1eiα2πjRes[zαP(z)Q(z),zj]



where zj are poles which does not make PQ be zero.
This formula comes from Mathews and Howell's complex analysis textbook.
And this is nothing but applying branch cut to make x14 singled valued function. I think this formula works for above improper integral but results seems different.



Apply α=14 and take poles z0=1, z1=eiπ3
, z2=ei5π3, i got different things.




Am i doing right?






2πi1i13(e14πi+e712πi+e3512πi)


Answer



You may simply remove the branch cut by setting x=z4:

I=4+0z4dz1+z12=2+z41+z12
and by evaluating the residues at the roots of 1+z12 in the upper half-plane,
I=2π32+3=π3(62)
follows. By setting 11+z12=u, the integral (1) can also be evaluated through Euler's Beta function and the reflection formula for the Γ function, since:
I=1310u5/12(1u)7/12du=13Γ(512)Γ(712)=π3sin5π12.


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