Tuesday, June 20, 2017

sequences and series - On twisted Euler sums



An interesting investigation started here and it showed that
k1(ζ(m)H(m)k)2
has a closed form in terms of values of the Riemann ζ function for any integer m2.
I was starting to study the cubic analogue k1(ζ(m)H(m)k)3 and I managed to prove through summation by parts that
k1(H(2)k)2k2=13ζ(2)323ζ(6)+ζ(3)2
where the LHS, according to Flajolet and Salvy's notation, is S22,2. An explicit evaluation of k1(ζ(2)H(2)k)3 is completed by the computation of
S12,2=k1HkH(2)kk2
which has an odd weight, hence it is not covered by Thm 4.2 of Flajolet and Salvy. On the other hand they suggest that by the kernel (ψ(s)+γ)4 the previous series and the cubic Euler sum n1H3n(n+1)2=152ζ(5)+ζ(2)ζ(3) are strictly related.





Question: can you help me completing this sketch, in order to get an explicit value for S12,2 and for k1(ζ(2)H(2)k)3? Alternative techniques to summation by parts and residues are equally welcome.




Update: I have just realized this is solved by Mike Spivey's answer to Zaid's question here. On the other hand, Mike Spivey's approach is extremely lengthy, and I would be happy to see a more efficient derivation of S12,2=ζ(2)ζ(3)+ζ(5).


Answer



I am skipping the derivation of Euler Sums S(1,1;3)=n=1H2nn3 and S(2;3)=n=1H(2)nn3 (for a derivation see solutions to problem 5406 proposed by C.I. Valean, Romania in SSMA).



Now, consider the partial fraction decomposition, n1k=1(1k(nk))2=2n2(H(2)n+2Hnn3n2)()




Multiplying both sides of () with Hn and summing over n1 (and making the change of varible m=n+k):



n=1Hnn2(H(2)n+2Hnn3n2)=n=1n1k=1Hnk2(nk)2=m,k=1Hm+km2k2=m,k,j=1mj+kjm2k2j2(m+k+j)=2m,k,j=1jkm2k2j2(m+k+j)=2j,k=11jkm=11m2(m+j+k)=2k,j=11kj(j+k)(ζ(2)Hk+jk+j)=4n=2Hn1n2(ζ(2)Hnn)=4ζ(2)n=1Hn1n2+4n=1Hnn44n=1H2nn3



Where, in steps (0) and (3) we used the identity, Hqq==11(+q). In step (1) we used the symmetry w.r.t. the variables, in step (2) interchanged order of summation and in step (4) made the change of variables n=j+k.



Thus, n=1HnH(2)nn2=4ζ(2)ζ(3)+7n=1Hnn46n=1H2nn3


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