Wednesday, June 28, 2017

real analysis - Limit of the nested radical sqrt7+sqrt7+sqrt7+cdots





Where does this sequence converge? 7,7+7,7+7+7,...


Answer



For a proof of convergence,


Define the sequence as


x0=0



xn+1=7+xn


Note that xn0  n.


Notice that x2x7=(xa)(xb) where a<0 and b>0.


We claim the following:


i) xn<bxn+1<b
ii) xn<bxn+1>xn


For a proof of i)


We have that


xn<b=b27 and so xn+7<b2 and thus by taking square roots xn+1<b


For a proof of ii)


We have that



(xn+1)2(xn)2=(x2nxn7)=(xna)(xnb)>0 if xn<b.


Thus {xn} is monotonically increasing and bounded above and so is convergent.


By setting L=7+L, we can easily see that the limit is b=1+292



In fact, we can show that the convergence is linear.


bxn+1bxn=b2(7+xn)(b+7+xn)(bxn)=1b+xn+1


Thus limnbxn+1bxn=12b.


We can also show something a bit stronger:


Let tn=bxn.


The we have shown above that tn>0 and tn<b2


We have that



btn+1=7+btn=b2tn


Dividing by b throughout we get


1tn+1b=1tnb2


Using 1x2>1x>1x  0<x<1 we have that


1tn2b21tn+1b1tnb2


And so


tn2btn+1tnb


This gives us that bbbnxnbb(2b)n


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