Sunday, April 16, 2017

Using induction more than once in a proof


Is it possible to use induction twice or more in a proof? For instance, say we wished to prove the following proposition by induction:


Proposition



Suppose x>3 and y<2. Then x22y>5



Scratch Work


Let P(x,y) be the inequality x22y>5. Let's choose a fixed integer y that's less than 2, and from there prove by induction with first the bases-step showing P(4,y) where y is a fixed integer, followed by showing the inductive hypothesis is true.



After proving by induction P(x,y) is true for all integers x>3 for a fixed integer y, we will once again use induction, but this time use induction to prove for all integers y<2, for a fixed integer x>3 that P(x,y) is true. We then proceed with the standard inductive proof of showing the basis step is true and inductive hypothesis is true.


So, is it possible to use an inductive proof twice in a proof , kinda like this example? Moreover, is this particular example proof getting somewhere?


Answer



It is certainly possible to use induction more than once in a proof. Perhaps one of the more interesting applications of this idea is Cauchy induction.


To perform Cauchy induction, one first proves a base case, P(1), and then proves P(n) implies P(2n). This inductively implies P(2n). Finally, you use decreasing induction, P(n) implies P(n1), to show P(n) for every natural number n.


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