Thursday, April 6, 2017

Equivalent summations

If the function $p(r)$ maps from the positive integers to the non-negative real numbers and has the property that $\sum_{r=1}^\infty p(r) = 1$, and $x_1, x_2, ... x_n$ is a sequence for which $X = \sum_{r=1}^\infty x_r p(r)$ is well-defined and the summation $\sum_{r=1}^\infty x_r^2p(r)$ is well defined, which of the following equals $\sum_{r=1}^\infty (x_r - X)^2p(r)$?



1)$[\sum_{r=1}^\infty (x_r^2 p(r)]-X^2$




2) $\sum_{r=1}^\infty (x_r^2 + X^2)p(r)$



3) $\sum_{r=1}^\infty (x_r^2 +2x_r X - X^2)p(r)$



4) $\sum_{r=1}^\infty (x_r - X)^2p(r)$ may not be well defined

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