If the function p(r) maps from the positive integers to the non-negative real numbers and has the property that ∑∞r=1p(r)=1, and x1,x2,...xn is a sequence for which X=∑∞r=1xrp(r) is well-defined and the summation ∑∞r=1x2rp(r) is well defined, which of the following equals ∑∞r=1(xr−X)2p(r)?
1)[∑∞r=1(x2rp(r)]−X2
2) ∑∞r=1(x2r+X2)p(r)
3) ∑∞r=1(x2r+2xrX−X2)p(r)
4) ∑∞r=1(xr−X)2p(r) may not be well defined
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