Wednesday, July 27, 2016

calculus - Improper integral: $int_0^infty frac{sin^4x}{x^2}dx$




I have been trying to determine whether the following improper integral converges or diverges:
$$\int_0^\infty \frac{\sin^4x}{x^2}dx$$



I have parted it into two terms. The first term: $$\int_1^\infty \frac{\sin^4x}{x^2}dx$$ converges (proven easily using the comparison test), but the second term:
$$\int_0^1 \frac{\sin^4x}{x^2}dx$$ troubles me a lot. What could I do?


Answer



For the second term, you can re-write your function as $\frac{\sin x}{x} \cdot \frac{\sin x}{x} \cdot \sin^2(x)$. Note that on $[0,1]$, this function is continuous (by the Fundamental Trig Limit you can extend the function to be defined as $f(0)=1$ at $x=0$). But then any continuous function on a closed interval is integrable, so $\int_0^1 \frac{\sin^4(x)}{x^2}$ converges. Hence the whole integral converges.


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