Wednesday, February 10, 2016

Limit limxto1(1x2)tan(fracpix2)?



Somebody, help me please with this limit



limx1 (1x2)tan(πx2)




I've tried to dissasemble this equation into



\lim_{x \to 1} \ (1-x^2)\frac{\sin\frac{\pi x}{2}}{\cos\frac{\pi x}{2}}



Sinus will be equal to 1, so:



\lim_{x \to 1} \ \frac{(1-x^2)}{\cos\frac{\pi x}{2}}



And then I don't know what should i do next.




I feel very sorry that i didn't mention it before, but i need to solve it without l'hospital rule.


Answer



Decompose also 1-x^2:
\lim_{x\to1}(1-x^2)\tan\frac{\pi x}{2}= \lim_{x\to1}\frac{1-x}{\cos(\pi x/2)}(1+x)\sin\frac{\pi x}{2}
The second and third factors have limits 2 and 1 respectively; for the first fraction, consider instead
\lim_{x\to1}\frac{\cos(\pi x/2)}{x-1}= \lim_{x\to1}\frac{\cos(\pi x/2)-\cos(\pi/2)}{x-1}
which is the derivative at 1 of the function f(x)=\cos(\pi x/2); since
f'(x)=-\frac{\pi}{2}\sin\frac{\pi x}{2}
and so f'(1)=-\pi/2, your limit is
-\frac{1}{-\pi/2}\cdot2\cdot1=\frac{4}{\pi}



If using the derivative is not allowed, then use a substitution: for
\lim_{x\to1}\frac{1-x}{\cos(\pi x/2)}
set 1-x=2t/\pi so x=1-2t/\pi and
\frac{\pi}{2}x=\frac{\pi}{2}-t

so the limit becomes
\lim_{t\to0}\frac{2t/\pi}{\cos(\pi/2-t)}= \lim_{t\to0}\frac{2}{\pi}\frac{\sin t}{t}


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