Are two matrices with the same characteristic polynomial and the same rank necessarily similar? Where can I find the proof for such a thing?
Answer
The matrices
$$I=\left(\begin{matrix}1&0\\0&1\end{matrix}\right)\quad\text{and}\quad A=\left(\begin{matrix}1&1\\0&1\end{matrix}\right)$$
have the same characteristic polynomial $(x-1)^2$ and are both full rank but they are not similar since the identity matrix $I$ is only similar to itself.
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