I was solving a problem and am stuck with this expression. Any leads on how can I simplify this expression?
N−P+Q∑x=Q(x−Q)(xQ)(N−xP−Q)N−P+Q∑x=Q(xQ)(N−xP−Q)
UPDATE: I realized a mistake. expression updated.
Answer
There is a variation of the Vandermonde identity that reads, for k,m,n∈N:
k∑i=0(im)(k−in)=(k+1m+n+1).
Here is how you can remember it: let $0\leq a_0<\cdots
One can restrict the range of i to the values m≤i≤k−n, as other terms contribute 0.
So your expression simplfies to
N−P+Q∑x=Q(x−1Q)(N−xP−Q)N−P+Q∑x=Q(xQ)(N−xP−Q)=(NP+1)(N+1P+1)=N−PN+1.
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