Saturday, July 28, 2018

real analysis - Question regarding Lebesgue outer measure.



Given m1, 0s<, 0<δ and ARm define: Hsδ(A)=inf{n=1d(Bn)s|{Bn}nNis a covering of Aand d(Bn)<δn1}


For ease of notation this refers to countable coverings but it also includes finite coverings. Now I've shown the following two things:




  1. For all m1, 0s<, 0<δ this defines an external measure on Rm.

  2. For all 0s< and ARm the limit Hs(A)=limδ0Hs0(A) exists.




I'm now trying to show these following two things:




  1. For all 0s< Hs is an external metric measure on Rm.

  2. H0 is the counting measure on Rm



Here is what I know so far regarding each of these goals:





  1. I want to show that for each A,BRm if dist(A,B)>0 then Hs(AB)=Hs(A)+Hs(B)
    I know that dist(A,B)>0 is equivalent to ¯A¯B= so I assume I should use that somehow but I'm not sure how.

  2. I've shown it works for finite sets but I'm having trouble with infinite sets. Obviously for s=0 we get that H0δ(A) is a function only of the number of sets in the covering for which the infima is obtained. What I want to show is that given an infinite subset ARm as δ0 the number of sets required in order to cover A by sets of diameter less than δ goes to infinity.
    At first this struck me as a bit odd since for a compact infinite set we know that for each δ>0 there is a finite δ-net covering A but then I realized that doesn't mean the number of sets in these nets doesn't go to infinity.



Anyway, I'd really appreciate some thick hints or a full proof of these two claims, I've already spent a couple of hours wrecking my head over it alone :)


Answer



For (2) - for any n, an infinite set A contains a subset of cardinality n. So as H0 is an outer measure, H0(A)n. As this holds for all n, we are done.



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