Saturday, March 18, 2017

calculus - Prove the following inequality using Mean Value Theorem



First off, I've seen a couple questions similar to this one (different inequalities, same principle) but didn't really understand the answers.
Here are a couple of those questions:



Prove inequality using Mean Value Theorem 2




Prove inequality using Mean Value Theorem Mean Value theorem problem?(inequality)



$$1 + 2x < e^{2x} < (1-2x)^{-1}, \ \forall \ \textrm{x} \in \ \ ] 0,1/2 [$$


Answer



When using the Mean Value Theorem to prove inequalities, remember the conclusion of the MVT:
$$
\frac{f(b)-f(a)}{b-a} = f'(t)
$$
for some $t$ between $a$ and $b$. Replacing $b$ by a variable $x$, and applying some algebra, we get
$$

f(x) = f(a) + f'(t)(x-a)
$$
The case $a=0$ is particularly useful; it says:
$$
f(x) = f(0) + f'(t)x
$$
for some $t$ with $0 < t < x$. If you can give upper and/or lower bounds for $f'(t)$, then you have an equality for $f(x)$ in terms of $x$.



Your example suggests $f(x) = e^{2x}$. Since $f'(t) = 2e^{2t}$, and $e^{2t} \geq 1$ for all $t\geq 0$, we know $f'(t) \geq 2$. So
$

e^{2x} > 1 + 2x
$.



What about the other part of the inequality? $e^{2x} < (1-2x)^{-1}$ doesn't look like it fits the pattern above. But again with some algebra,
$$
e^{2x} < \frac{1}{1-2x} \implies e^{-2x} > 1 - 2x
$$
and now you might see how to adapt the previous case.


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