i have came across a series, i am trying to find its sum knowing the fact that, if it converges and its common ratio ex. r is: -1 < r < 1, then i can use the specified formula a1−r , which specifically means first term of series over 1 minus common ratio
here is the series
∑∞n=12n−12n
i manipulated it this way to prove its convergence: ∑∞n=12n−12n=∑∞n=1(2n−1)12n=∑∞n=1(2n−1)(12)n
a1−r=121−12=1212=1
using it i get the result 1, which actually should be 3
Answer
∞∑n=12n−12n=∞∑n=12n2n−∞∑n=112n=∞∑n=1n2n−1−1.
We use Maclaurin series for function 1(1−x)
11−x=1+x+x2+x3+⋯=∞∑n=0xn
Differentiating both sides of this equation we get that
1(1−x)2=1+2x+3x2+4x3+⋯=∞∑n=1nxn−1
if x=12 then ∑∞n=1n(12)n−1=1(1−12)2=4
∞∑n=12n−12n=∞∑n=1n2n−1−1=3
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