Thursday, August 27, 2015

calculus - Limit of $(cos{xe^x} - ln(1-x) -x)^{frac{1}{x^3}}$



So I had the task to evaluate this limit




$$ \lim_{x \to 0} (\cos{(xe^x)} - \ln(1-x) -x)^{\frac{1}{x^3}}$$



I tried transforming it to:



$$ e^{\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{ \ln{(\cos{xe^x} - \ln(1-x) -x)}}{x^3}}$$



So I could use L'hospital's rule, but this would just be impossible to evaluate without a mistake. Also, I just noticed this expression is not of form $\frac{0}{0}$.



Any solution is good ( I would like to avoid Taylor series but if that's the only way then that's okay).




I had this task on a test today and I failed to do it.


Answer



First notice that $$\cos (xe^x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^n \frac{(xe^x)^{2n}}{2n!}$$



and $$\ln (1 - x) = -\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{x^n}{n}$$



Thus $$\cos (xe^x) - \ln (1 - x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^n \frac{(xe^x)^{2n}}{2n!} +\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{x^n}{n} = 1 + x - \frac{2x^3}{3} - O(x^4) $$



Therefore we have




$$\ln (1 - \frac{2x^3}{3}) = - \frac{2x^3}{3} - \frac{2x^6}{9} - O(x^9)$$



Finally



$$\begin{align}\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\ln (\cos xe^x - \ln (1 - x) - x)}{x^3} &= \lim_{x \to 0} -\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2x^3}{9} - O(x^6) =\color{red}{ -\frac{2}{3}}\end{align}$$



Now you may find your limit.


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